Wow. I am reading some very good responses to the various historical and philosophical concepts posted. Good job, people.
Check out what ole' Aristotle had to say about his "Unities" theory. Apply this theory to either 1984, A Portrait, or The Woman Warrior.
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Happy Kwanzaa(wait a minute...)!
Despite Airstrip One being rather large, in "1984", the reader is limited to Winston's travels in and around London, which doesn't really cover much ground at all. Therefore, Aristotle's unity of place can somewhat apply to 1984.
Kingston's work "The Woman Warrior" has the main action in which Kingston reveals her path to becoming a woman warrior. While the memoir does contain subplots (i.e. Fa Mu Lan), these subplots are relevant and actually reinforce the main plot. The unity of time, I believe, can also apply to "The Woman Warrior". Because the story is a memoir, the story takes place as fast (or slow) as you read it. Shouldn't take 24 hours if you read it straight through. I'm not sure if this counts though...
Because "Portrait" doesn't apply, I'll at least explain why. There's a bunch of subplots. However, if you take the subplots into a general view, the artistic pursuit, then you can apply unity of action. Unity of place doesn't apply because Stephen moves a bunch of times (3-4?). Unity of time also doesn't apply because the story starts with Stephen as an itty-bitty "tuckoo" and develops until he is an adult in college (well...he went to college).
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Aristole's Unities are:
1 Unity of Time: Requires the play's action take place in twenty-four hours or less.
2 Unity Of Place: Requires the play's action take place in a single locale.
3 Unity Of Action: Requires the play to dramatize only one central story or action which eliminates action not relevant to the plot.
To me what somewhat stood out in 1984 was unity of place. Why, because Winston's travel time does not really cover alot of ground so the unity of place is applied.
Aristotle’s has three parts to his unities theory. Unity of Time, which requires the play's action to take place in twenty-four hours or less. Unity of Place, which requires the play's action take place in a single set. Unity of Action, which requires the play to dramatize only one central story or action which eliminates action not applicable to the design.
Unity of Action is seen in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. This is because Stephen’s life takes place over a long period of time. The story develops from Stephen as a young boy to adulthood, which cannot apply to Unity of Time. Stephen’s family is forced to move away from house to house, because of their financial needs, this cannot apply to Unity of Place.
Unity of Place is seen in The Woman Warrior. This is because Kingston tells the novel from memories that she has. This shows that she is not physically in that place anymore, she is just retelling her own story. Unity of Place is also seen in 1984, because Winston does not travel much he just stays around the same town.
Aristotle’s Unities relates to The Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man in a Utility of Action as Stephen goes about a goal that may in fact disguise itself into many shapes but is within its self the same quest. The Unities my not directly or immediately relate to Joyce’s novel, however, upon a deeper and abstract perspective of Stephen’s journey and quest it is clear that his path is directed with the same questions and plot the entire time. Stephen lives his life as one big pursuit, to find the right mold to break into in the definition of those around him. In the end his understanding of art is the main ending of following the same path of questioning, never did his life lead off to subplots. It is in his insecurities that his plot remains, is it right to kiss his mother goodnight, it is right to be religious, is what has been done to him unfair, and is he forgiven and free. These questions instruct Stephen into a lifelong search for the answers in the same questions the only road he has embarked on has given him. In this Aristotle’s Unity of Action corresponds, yes I will admit it is a far stretch to the meaning. I find this to be the beauty of Joyce’s flow through Stephen’s life; it is all on the same current. As the women in his life go from untouchable and innocent to touchable and not innocent and back again, it mimics the course of his life yet it still holds on to the same plot. Stephen’s life has been established by his course to school, it is another example of Stephen’s life being the quests for one result, and answers to the same question. Just as school is a continually course with one end in store, so is Stephen’s life. Just one course or journey focused on his individual persona and not on many instances, because they all blend and correspond together to make one quest.
Aristotle's "Unities" theory claims that all plays contain three components: place, time, and action. The unity of place states that the setting of the play should be one location. Then the unity of time refers that the action of the play should represent the passage of no more than one day. The third component states that no action or scene in the play is a digression; all contributes directly or indirectly to the plot.
As a whole, 1984 does not follow the unity of time. The story portrays Winston Smith undergoing a gradual progress towards maturity, a change that lasts more than a day. Then, the story follows the unity of place because the story only takes place in Oceania. Although, the specific settings do change; for example, Mr. Charrington's shop, Winston's house, and "secret" hiding places are different settings. However the overall setting contains all these minor ones, demonstrating unity of place. Thirdly, the unity of action is what drives the whole plot. Winston's meeting of Julia leads him to disobey the Party, get caught, and later tortured. These chains of actions and unities create fluency and clarity in the play.
The three classical unitties of Aristotle are unity of action which states that a play should have one main action that it follows, unity of place,which states that a play should have one physical space and unity of time, which states that a play should not take more than 24 hours.
Both the unity of place and time can be seen as contradictions in the novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in the sense that Stephen's family moves from place to place because of unfortunate financial problems;Stephen never does really settle into one certain place. His life revolves around moving of houses and schools. The course of his life is also at a constant motion in the novel, which contradicts the unity of time. His life is taken vy stages in the novel. It starts off as him being a child and his father telling him an old fashioned children's story, to him moving on and becoming an adolescent and experiencing sex for the first time with a prostitude, to becoming an adult and finding himself by understanding art.
The unity of action is seen in the novel 1984 by Winston in the sense that his action in rebelling against the party with Julia lead him to torture and manipulation. His decision in taking the action to rebel is the plotline of the novel and what causes Winston's mind to completely change.
Aristotle’s unities include, the unity of action, place, and time. In unity of action, a play should have one main action that it follows. Unity of place means that a play should cover a single physical space. Lastly unity of time is that a play should not take place more than 24 hours. He describes unity of action with the definition of tragedy. Tragedy is defined as an imitation of an action that is complete and whole. While Aristotle does not mention unity of place at all, he mentions unity of time with the epic and tragic forms. The Woman Warrior does not follow the unity of action because it is composed of tales about her family, culture, and society. Therefore the novel is followed by more than one action because each chapter is about a different story. James Joyce’s novel does not connect with the unity of place or time. The setting of the novel is constantly changing throughout the book; for example, in the first chapter, the setting transitioned when Stephen is teased at his school to the Christmas table where he first experience his first conflict as an adult. The novel depicts Stephen’s life from his childhood to his adulthood. Therefore, it is not within the 24 hours period because the novel shows how he has grown and matures throughout his life, which leads to his understanding about life and his transformation into a true artist.
Very good! And Aristotle also belonged to a "line" of "linear" thinkers, typically alloted to "Western" philosophy; whereas, Kingston employs more of traditional "cyclical" (as opposed to linear) philosophy in her novel. Her circular art of narrative isn't congruent to linear action.
Aristotle established that every ragedy should be constructed to have one catastrophe. The rules for the drama consists of the unity of action, place, and time. In 1984, the story has one main plot, and that is the corrupt totalitarian modeled state that can lead to destruction. A lesson is to be learned through this main situation. All the details about how the Party creates the doublethink and the Two Minute Hate is meant to preserve control. The poverish old people with rags and dirty beds reveals the gloomy world that may occur if such control is that powerful. Order is meant to provide security and safety; however, too much order can restrict people from living freely. Orwell demonstrates this catastrophe. Then, the setting takes place in one world, Oceania. the war is happening around them. Yet, Oceania wants to be the best, the greatest, the most powerful state among the three. This relates to Aristotle's unity of place. Oceania collects people together and manipulate them into beliving in one person, Big Brother. It creates unity. Everyone will not fight over who is more powerful. Everyone will agree to one idea. Finally, Aristotle's unity of time occurs in 1984 throughout the entire book. Orwell makes it seem like everything is happening in one day. Winston searches for an answer to why society is the way it is for a long time. He finds O'Brian and his answers are given when he is taken away. There is no specific length of time written in the book. Yet, the point is that gradually, no matter how long it takes, people will break down. Orwell shows that time does not matter when considering the weakness of the human mind. Winston betrays Julia in the end. He portrays how people will eventually have to save themselves from the torture and pain. They must save themselves because it hurts too much to go through suffering. Aristotle's Unities applies to 1984.
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